11.1. Background
The focus of the techniques developed thus far in this textbook has been on linear systems, although it is recognized that chemical processes are inherently nonlinear. Fortunately, when processes are operated close to a desired operating point, the linear-system approaches generally work well. Also, when the main nonlinearity is due to the control valve or flow-pressure drop characteristics, cascade-control approaches work quite well. The inner-loop flow controller has fast dynamics, and the nonlinear effects will usually not propagate to the outer-loop.
In this chapter we cover several different approaches to handling nonlinear effects. The first nonlinear effect is due to manipulated input saturation. When manipulated inputs ...
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