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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
量子机器学习
|
219
无监督(
unsupervised
)
指的是能够在不包括已知应答的训练数据中学习模式和结构的机器学习模型。
分类(
classification
)
用于描述将特征空间中的给定点分配给几个离散类别的其中一个的有监督预测模型。
回归(
regression
)
用于描述预测某些连续变化的应答变量的有监督模型。
降维(
dimensionality reduction
)
无监督数据预处理的一种形式,可使所有类型的机器学习模型受益。降维旨在减少描述
问题所需的特征数量。
除了这些术语,我们还将使用机器学习问题的数学描述。因此,本章在数学上比之前各章
要稍显复杂。
我们的第一个
QML
应用将展示
QPU
如何求解线性方程组。
13.1
求解线性方程组
线性方程组对机器学习来说非常重要,它们也是应用数学的基础。因此,我们提出的利用
QPU
有效求解线性方程组的
HHL
算法
(通常简称为
HHL
)是一个基础而又强大的工具,
我们会看到,它也是其他
QML
应用的关键组成部分。人们也在考虑将
HHL
应用于从模拟
电学效应到简化计算机图形计算等各个领域。
我们首先概述
HHL
算法,其中涉及描述传统线性方程组所需的数学知识。之后概述
HHL
中的量子运算,了解其性能改进以及同等重要的限制。最后,我们更详细地描述
HHL
如
何“在黑盒中”工作。
13.1.1
线性方程组的描述与求解
表示线性方程组的最简洁的方法是矩阵乘法。事实上,对于解方程经验丰富的人来说,
矩阵
和
线性方程
是等价的。假设我们有一个包含两个线性方程的方程组,
3
x
1
+ 4
x
2
=
3
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355