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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
100
|
第
6
章
当在寄存器中标记
50%
的值时,增加
AA
迭代次数并不会进一步提高正确读取的概率。
基于对称性,不需要考虑当有超过
50%
的相位翻转值时会如何。如果在
16
个值中有
12
个被标记,那么概率与当有
4
个值被标记时是一样的,只不过
要把成功概率和失败概率反过来而已。
有趣的是,成功概率曲线的振荡频率只取决于标记值的数量,而与具体的标记值无关。实
际上,可以扩展方程式
6-1
,使其适用于有多个标记值的情况,如方程式
6-2
所示(其中,
n
是量子比特数,
m
是标记值的数量)。
方程式
6-2
在有多个标记值时的最佳迭代次数
N
m
AA
n
=
π
4
2
只要知道
m
,就可以使用方程式
6-2
来确定最佳
AA
迭代次数。这就引出了一个有趣的问
题:如果我们不知道标记值的数量,那么要如何确定最佳
AA
迭代次数呢?第
10
章会介绍
使用振幅放大的应用程序,那时,我们会探讨这个问题,并看看其他原语能提供什么帮助。
6.5
使用振幅放大
希望你现在对振幅放大的作用有了一定的了解。能够将不可读的相位差转换为可读的强度
差,这听起来确实有用,但如何在实践中使用振幅放大呢?振幅放大(
AA
)有多个用途,
其中一个非常实际的用途是作为
量子和估计
(
Quantum
Sum
Estimation
)这项技术的组成
部分。
6.5.1
作为和估计的
AA
与
QFT
我们已经看到,在
AA
迭代示例中,成功概率曲线的振荡频率取决于标记值的数量。第
7
章将介绍
量子傅里叶变换
(
Quantum Fourier Transform
,
QFT
),这个
QPU
原语使我们能够
从量子寄存器中读取值的变化频率。 ...
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ISBN: 9787115566355