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book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
量子相位估计
|
131
这种不受某个
QPU
运算影响的状态(全局相位除外)被称为该运算的
本征态
(
eigenstate
)。
每个
QPU
运算都有这样一组特殊状态,对于这些状态,它只会传递一个不重要的全局
相位。
虽然本征态可以获得的全局相位是不可观测的,但它们确实揭示了关于
QPU
运算的一些
信息。通过特定的本征态获得的全局相位被称为该本征态的
本征相位
(
eigenphase
)。
正如我们已经看到的,
HAD
有两个(实际上也只有两个)本征态,相应的本征相位如表
8-1
所示。
表
8-1
:
HAD
的本征态和本征相位
本征态
本征相位
0
°
180
°
需要再次强调的是,表
8-1
所示的本征态及其相应的本征相位是
HAD
所专有的——其他
QPU
运算具有完全不同的本征态和本征相位。实际上,通过本征态和本征相位就可以确定
QPU
运算,这是因为每个
QPU
运算都有自己的本征态和本征相位。
8.3
相位估计的作用
我们已经了解了本征态和本征相位的含义,接下来看看相位估计原语能够实现什么。相位
估计有助于确定与
QPU
运算的本征态相关的本征相位,并返回所有本征相位的叠加态。
这绝非易事,因为全局相位通常不可观测。相位估计原语的美妙之处在于,它找到了一种
方法,将全局相位的信息以可读取的形式移动到另一个寄存器中。
为什么要确定
QPU
运算的本征相位呢?你将在后文中看到,这么做十分有用。如前所述,
本征相位可以独一无二地描述
QPU
运算,单从这一点就可以看出,它是强大的工具。
如果你熟悉线性代数,不妨了解一下:本征态和本征相位分别是量子计算中
以全数学形式表示
QPU ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355