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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
量子隐形传态
|
61
在编写本书时,
IBM QX
中的电路图和程序运行结果显示了
QPU
中所有
5
个
量子比特的情况,即使程序没有全部使用它们,也会如此。这就是为什么图
4-4
中的电路图有两根空的量子比特线,以及为什么图
4-5
中的每个结果有
5
位。其实,因为我们仅用了
3
个量子比特,所以条形图显示了
8
种组合的结
果,即
2
3
= 8
。
4.2
程序步骤
因为量子隐形传态示例使用了
3
个量子比特,所以对它们的完整描述需要
8
个圆(
2
3
=8
,
每个可能的组合对应
1
个圆)。我们将
8
个圆排列成两行,这样做有助于直观地理解运算
如何影响这
3
个量子比特。在图
4-6
中,我们根据特定的值标记了每一行和每一列的圆。
通过研究每个圆对应的寄存器的二进制值,可以检查这些标签是否正确。
纠缠
准备有
效载荷
发送
接收
验证
图
4-6
:完整的量子隐形传态及验证程序
在处理多量子比特寄存器时,我们通常会像图
4-6
中那样将圆按行和列来排
列。通过这种方法,我们总是能够快速地发现各个量子比特的不同表现。
如图
4-6
所示,在程序刚开始运行时,所有
3
个量子比特都被初始化为
|
0
⟩
态,唯一可能
的值是同时满足
alice=0
、
ep=0
和
bob=0
的值。
4.2.1
步骤
1
:
创建纠缠对
量子隐形传态的第
1
个任务是创建纠缠对。我们结合使用
HAD
和
CNOT
来完成这个任务,做
法与我们在第
3
章中创建贝尔对的做法相同。从图
4-7
中不难看出,如果读取
bob
和
ep
,
那么值是随机的(
0
或
1
,概率均为
50%
),但无论如何,
bob
和
ep
的值都相等,即它们彼
此纠缠。
62
|
第
4
章
纠缠
准备有 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355