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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
量子相位估计
|
137
作用于叠加本征态的能力使得相位估计原语特别有用,这是因为事实上,
QPU
寄存器的
任
何状态
都可以被认为是任意
QPU
运算的叠加本征态
2
。
如果将
phase_est()
的输入
cont_u
设置为某个
QPU
运算
U
,并将
qin
设置为某个通用寄
存器状态
|
x
⟩
,那么相位估计原语将返回
U
作用于
|
x
⟩
的本征相位的详细信息。这些信息在
许多涉及线性代数的数学应用中很有用。在实践中,我们可以高效地提取叠加本征相位,
这就提高了针对
QPU
使数学应用并行化的可能性(不过仍然需要注意一些使用细节)。
8.7
QPU
内部
相位估计的内部工作原理值得一探。它不仅建立在第
7
章所介绍的
QFT
原语的基础上,还
在许多
QPU
应用中起着核心作用。
示例
8-2
给出了在示例
8-1
中首次使用的
phase_est()
函数的完整实现。
示例代码
请在
http://oreilly-qc.github.io?p=8-2
上运行本示例。
示例
8-2
相位估计原语的实现
function
phase_est
(
q_in
,
q_out
,
cont_u
)
{
//
相位估计主程序在输出寄存器上执行一次
HAD
q_out
.
had
();
//
应用
U
的条件幂运算
for
(
var
j
=
0
;
j
<
q_out
.
numBits
;
j
++
)
cont_u
(
q_out
,
q_in
,
1
<<
j
);
//
在输出寄存器上执行
invQFT
q_out
.
invQFT
();
}
示例
8-2
中的代码实现了图
8-6
所示的电路。
本征态
(
n
个量子比特 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355