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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
量子相位估计
|
135
于图
8-4
中的情况,我们期望得到
180
°,即旋转二分之一周的角度。因此,在一个有
16
个可能值的四量子比特输出寄存器中,期望值为
8
,因为这正好是寄存器大小的一半。方
程式
8-1
给出了将本征相位
θ
j
与我们将读出的寄存器值
R
联系起来的简单公式,它是与寄
存器大小有关的函数。
方程式
8-1
寄存器输出值
R
、本征相位
θ
j
和寄存器大小
m
的关系
R
j
m
=×
θ
360
2
8.5
使用细节
在进行
QPU
编程时,应该时刻小心可能面临的任何限制。对于相位估计来说,有一些细
节需要记住。
8.5.1
选择输出寄存器的大小
在示例
8-1
中,我们试图找出的本征相位可以完美地表示为四量子比特。不过一般来说,
本征相位的精度取决于输出寄存器的大小。举例来说,表
8-2
列出了使用三量子比特输出
寄存器可以精确表示的角度。
表
8-2
:三量子比特输出寄存器可以精确表示的角度
二进制数
在寄存器值中的占比
角 度
000
0
0
°
001
1/8
45
°
010
1/4
90
°
011
3/8
135
°
100
1/2
180
°
101
5/8
225
°
110
3/4
270
°
111
7/8
315
°
如果试图使用这个三量子比特输出寄存器来找出值为
150
°的本征相位,那么寄存器的位
数将不足。若要完全表示
150
°,需要增加输出寄存器中的量子比特数。
当然,无限制地增加输出寄存器的大小是不现实的。在输出寄存器位数不足的情况下,我
们最终得到的是以最接近的可能值为中心的叠加值。由于这种叠加值的存在,我们仅能以
一定的概率得到较佳的相位估计值。例如,图 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355