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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
252
|
第
14
章
14.10
量子模拟的前景
在撰写本书时,量子模拟被认为是量子计算的杀手级应用。实际上,已经有一些量子算法
被建议用来解决传统计算机难以解决的量子化学问题。以下列出使用量子模拟程序可以解
决的一些问题。
固氮作用
找到一种能在室温下把氮转化为氨的催化剂。这一过程可用于降低化肥成本,从而解决
一些国家的饥饿问题。
室温超导体
找到一种室温超导体材料。这种材料能够几乎没有损失地传输电力。
固碳酶
找到一种从大气中吸收碳的固碳酶,从而减少二氧化碳的含量,减缓全球变暖。
显然,量子计算机在社会变革和经济变革中所具有的潜力是其他大多数技术无法比拟的,
这也是人们热衷于实现这项技术的原因之一。
14.11
纠错与
NISQ
设备
本书中对
QPU
的运算、原语和应用的讨论都假设或模拟了
纠错量子比特
(也称为逻辑量
子比特)的可用性。与传统计算一样,寄存器和运算中的错误会很快破坏量子计算。为了
抵消这种影响,人们对量子纠错码进行了大量的研究。量子纠错研究中的一个显著的成果
是
阈值定理
(
threshold theorem
),它表明如果
QPU
中的错误率低于某个阈值,那么量子纠
错码能够以很小的计算开销来抑制错误。由于
QPU
应用仅在这种低噪声条件下才能保持
其相对于传统应用的优势,因此人们可能需要纠错量子比特。
不过在撰写本书时,还有一种趋势是寻找即使在
噪声中型量子
(
Noisy Intermediate-Scale
Quantum
,
NISQ
)设备上运行,也能比传统计算机速度更快的
QPU
算法。据了解,这些
设备由不经过纠错的噪声量子比特组成 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355