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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
224
|
第
13
章
子,可以用特征基表示
A
,如方程式
13-4
所示。
方程式
13-4
用特征基表示矩阵
0.438
0
0
4.56
=
A
用特征基表示
A
对于求它的逆矩阵非常有用,这是因为求对角矩阵的矩阵太容易了。只需
沿对角线对非零值求倒数即可。比如,我们可以像方程式
13-5
所示的那样求出
A
−1
。
方程式
13-5
用特征基表示的矩阵的逆矩阵
1
1
0
2.28
10
0.438
10
0.219
0
4.56
−
==
A
当然,我们应该注意到结果是
A
的特征基表示的
A
−1
。我们可以保留这样的逆矩阵(假设
想将它应用于也用
A
的特征基表示的向量),或者用原基重写它。
总之,如果能找到矩阵
A
的特征值,那么就可以算出
1
−
=
x
Ab
,如方程式
13-6
所示。
方程式
13-6
通过矩阵的特征分解求逆矩阵的一般方法
1
11
1
11
0
11
0
n
n
nn
b
b
b
b
λλ
λλ
==
x
其中,
λ
1
,
…
,
λ
n
是
A
的特征值,我们使用
1
,
,
n
bb
来表示
b
的分量,
b
是用
A
的特征基
表示的向量。
HHL
利用
QPU
的量子并行性来执行这种矩阵求逆运算。
HHL
的输出寄存器正好包含方
程式
13-6
所示的向量的振幅编码,即状态
|
i
⟩
的振幅为
/
ii
b
λ
。图
13-2
显示了图
13-1
的
HHL
框中的内容,从中可知
HHL
如何使用我们熟悉的
QPU
原语来生成方程式
13-6
中的
输出状态。
量子机器学习
|
225
的振
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ISBN: 9787115566355