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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
11
第
2
章
单个量子比特
传统比特仅有
1
个二进制参数,可以将其初始化为状态
0
或状态
1
。尽管二进制的逻辑运
算已足够简单,但是我们仍然可以用空心圆和实心圆直观地表示状态值,如表
2-1
所示。
表
2-1
:用空心圆和实心圆表示传统比特
可能的值
图形表示
0
1
在某种意义上,量子比特与传统比特非常相似:每当读取一个量子比特的值时,总会得到
0
或
1
。因此,在读出一个量子比特之后,总是可以像表
2-1
所示的那样来描述它。但是在
读取之前
,量子比特的值并非黑白分明,需要用更复杂的方式来描述。在读取之前,量子
比特处于
叠加态
(
superposition
)。
我们很快就会了解叠加态的含义,但首先来了解一下它的强大作用。请注意,在被读取之
前,单个量子比特存在无穷多个叠加态,表
2-2
仅列出了其中的一些。尽管最终读出的值
总会是
0
或
1
,但如果善用一些技巧,这些可用的额外状态便能帮助我们执行一些非常强
大的运算任务。
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355