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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
130
|
第
8
章
8.2
本征相位揭示有用信息
相位估计究竟能揭示
QPU
运算的什么性质呢?要回答这个问题,最容易的做法也许是看
一个例子。让我们看一看老朋友
HAD
。当作用于单量子比特寄存器时,
HAD
将
|
0
⟩
和
|
1
⟩
转
换为全新的状态,如图
8-1
所示。
图
8-1
:针对
|0
⟩
态和
|1
⟩
态应用
HAD
对于大多数其他输入状态,
HAD
同样会产生全新的输出状态。不过,请考虑
HAD
作用于图
8-2
所示的两个特殊输入状态的情形。
图
8-2
:
HAD
作用于本征态
第一个输入状态的两个分量同相,有
14.64%
的概率处于
|
1
⟩
态。第二个输入状态的两个分
量
180
°异相,有
14.64%
的概率
1
处于
|
0
⟩
态。
注意看
HAD
如何作用于这些输入状态。第一个输入状态完全不变,第二个输入状态仅获得
了
180
°的全局相位(相对相位不变)。由于全局相位是不可观测的,因此我们同样可以
说:
HAD
实际上使第二个输入状态保持不变。
注
1
:
实际上是
sin
2
(22.5)
。
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ISBN: 9787115566355