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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
246
|
第
14
章
14.3
测量基
在量子计算中有一个流行的概念,但是本书小心地避免提及它,这个概念就是
测量基
(
measurement
basis
)。为了更透彻地理解量子计算中的测量,实际上需要掌握量子理论的
完整数学机制,受限于篇幅,我们不想展开讨论。本书的目的是帮你直观地理解进行
QPU
编程所需的概念,关于测量基的更深入的讨论,请参阅本章末尾的推荐资源。不过,我们
接下来将试着简要介绍测量基的核心思想与我们使用的概念和术语之间的关系。
无论在哪里使用
READ
指令,我们都假设它会给出
0
或
1
的答案。这两个答案分别对应于
|
0
⟩
态和
|
1
⟩
态,也就是说,这两个状态总是分别给出
0
或
1
的结果。从技术角度来说,这
两个状态是
PHASE(180)
运算的本征态
2
(有时也称为
Z
门)。当进行“
Z
基读取”之后,描述
QPU
寄存器的复向量将最终处于这两个状态之一。我们将这种情况描述为把
QPU
寄存器
投影到这些状态中的一个状态
3
。虽然到目前为止我们只考虑了
Z
基的测量,但这并不是唯
一的选择。
不同的测量基就像我们问
QPU
状态的不同问题。对于
READ
,我们可能要问的问题是,系
统在某些
QPU
运算中处于哪个本征态。这听起来可能非常抽象,但在量子力学中,这些
运算及其本征态确实有物理意义,理解它们的确切性质需要对底层物理有更深入的理解。
到目前为止,我们只在
Z
基上进行了测量,实际上我们一直在问这样一个问题:
QPU
寄存
器是处于
PHASE(180)
对应的特征值为
+1
的本征态,还是处于特征值为
-1
的本征态?即使
QPU
寄存器处于叠加态,在读取之后它也会假设值为其中一个。 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355