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O'Reilly Platform
book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
量子傅里叶变换
|
127
旋转
0×8
,角度为
旋转
0×4
,角度为
旋转
0×2
,角度为
旋转
0×1
,角度为
图
7-32
:
invQFT
子例程的功能
如果仔细观察,你会注意到这里的旋转顺序实际上与图
7-28
中的顺序相反,我们很快就会
看到如何简单地处理这个问题。
思考图
7-32
中的第
1
个子例程,如图
7-33
所示。我们可以确认,它在最高权重的量子比
特上(
0x8
)执行指定的
n
/2
N
×
360
°旋转。
图
7-33
:
invQFT
的第
1
个子例程
这个子例程中的每个
CPHASE
都有条件地将
0x8
量子比特旋转一个角度,该角度与
360
°的
比值等于条件量子比特与
2
N
的比值。例如,
0x4
和
0x8
之间的
CPHASE
将最高权重的量子比
特旋转
90
°,这是因为
4/2
4
= 90
°
/360
°。通过这种方法,我们在
0x8
量子比特上为其二进制
展开的每个分量都构建
n
/2
N
×
360
°旋转机制。
但是最高权重的量子比特怎么办呢?它的二进制展开还需根据最高权重量子比特的值,对
其执行
180
°相对相位的条件旋转。图
7-33
中的
HAD
运算正是为了做到这一点。(要理解这
一点,只需回忆
HAD
对
|
0
⟩
态和
|
1
⟩
态的影响。)这个
HAD
运算还有另一个目的:根据图
7-28
的要求,生成该量子比特的叠加态。现在你知道我们说这个电路很巧妙是什么意思了吧?
图
7-32
中的每个后续子例程都有效地执行向左旋转,提高与每个量子比特相关联的角度的
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115566355