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book
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
by
Eric R. Johnston
,
Nicholas Harrigan
,
Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
July 2021
Beginner to intermediate
274 pages
7h 10m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
量子计算机编程:从入门到实践
228
|
第
13
章
•
对第一个寄存器和
ROTY
临时量子比特(初始化为
|
0
⟩
态)执行
C-ROTY
。
最后,如果
ROTY
临时量子比特处于
|
1
⟩
态,那么我们就如愿以偿了。可以通过读取
ROTY
临时量子比特,看结果是否为
1
来确保这一点。遗憾的是,这种情况只会以一定的概率出
现。为了提高获得所需结果的概率,我们可以使用另一个
QPU
原语,对
ROTY
临时量子比
特执行振幅放大。
振幅放大
利用振幅放大,我们能够在读取
ROTY
临时量子比特时提高获得所需结果的概率,继而使寄
存器
eigenstate
更有可能最终获得
/
ii
b
λ
振幅。
如果尽管使用了振幅放大,
ROTY
临时量子比特的读取结果仍为
0
,那么我们必须舍弃寄存
器的状态,重新执行整个
HHL
算法。
反计算
假设之前的读取成功,寄存器
eigenstate
现在包含解向量
x
的振幅编码,这还没有完全
结束。寄存器
eigenstate
不仅与寄存器
output
相纠缠,还与过程中引入的许多其他临时
量子比特相纠缠。第
5
章提到过,目标状态与其他寄存器状态相纠缠是很麻烦的事。因
此,我们应用反计算过程来解除寄存器
eigenstate
的纠缠态。关于反计算过程,可以回顾
第
5
章的内容。
搞定了!寄存器
eigenstate
现在包含解除了纠缠态的
x
的振幅编码,你能够以本节开头
建议的任何方式使用它。
HHL
是一个复杂的
QPU
应用。如果阅读一遍不能理解它,请不要感到失落。为了看到实
际的算法如何使用
QPU
原语,花费再多的精力也是值得的。
13.2
量子主成分分析
量子主成分分析
(
quantum
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ISBN: 9787115566355