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24.1 Introduction
Biomedical applications aimed toward understanding live-
cell dynamics have rekindled an interest in optical micro-
scope modes that may provide additional information beyond
the widely used uorescence modalities that include confocal,
structured illumination microscopy, multiphoton, and STED
imaging. e three microscope modes discussed in this chap-
ter—dark-eld, phase contrast, and dierential interference
contrast (DIC) microscopy—are techniques that readily address
the challenges of live-cell imaging. eir ability to image cell
structure dynamics without having to introduce any chemical
probes or dyes ...