Name
tr
Synopsis
tr [options
] [string1
[string2
]]
Translates characters; copies standard input to standard output,
substituting characters from string1
to
string2
, or deleting characters in
string1
.
Options
-
-c
Complement characters in
string1
-
-d
Delete characters in
string1
-
-s
Squeeze out repeated output characters in
string2
.-
-u
Guarantee that any output is unbuffered.
Special characters
Include brackets ([]
) where shown.
-
\a
^G (bell)
-
\b
^H (backspace)
-
\f
^L (form feed)
-
\n
^J (newline)
-
\r
^M (carriage return)
-
\t
^I (tab)
-
\v
^K (vertical tab)
-
\
nnn
Character with octal value
nnn
.-
\\
Literal backslash.
-
char1
-
char2
All characters in the range
char1
throughchar2
. Ifchar1
doesn’t sort beforechar2
, produce an error.-
[
char1
-
char2
]
Same as
char1
-char2
if both strings use this.-
[
char
*]
In
string2
, expandchar
to the length ofstring1
.-
[
char
*
number
]
Expand
char
to number occurrences.[x*4]
expands toxxxx
, for instance.-
[
:class
:]
Expand to all characters in
class
, whereclass
can be:-
alnum
Letters and digits
-
alpha
Letters
-
blank
Whitespace
-
cntrl
Control characters
-
digit
Digits
-
graph
Printable characters except space
-
lower
Lowercase letters
-
print
Printable characters
-
punct
Punctuation
-
space
Whitespace (horizontal or vertical)
-
upper
Uppercase letters
-
xdigit
Hexadecimal digits
-
-
[=
char
=]
The class of characters in which
char
belongs.
Examples
Change uppercase to lowercase in a file:
$cat
file
| tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'
Turn spaces into newlines ...
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