Chapter I—Introduction to Systems Thinking and Learning15
Systems Concept #2:
Twelve Laws of Natural Systems (Standard Systems Dynamics)
(as researched and established by the members of the General Systems Theory Society
and adapted from Academy of Management Journal, December 1972)
The following twelve characteristics are the
“Standard Systems Dynamics”
always present in
living systems. They have been adapted, with my own comments, from the Academy of
Management Journal.
5
For ease of retention, I have characterized them in two conceptual
groups: (1) the whole system and (2) the inner workings (of a living system). However, keep in
mind that
it is th ...
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