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2
Statistics for Quality
2.1 Variability in Populations
The effort needed to design, produce, and deliver products to satisfy customer
needs often requires the use of a few statistical tools� For example, when
a product is produced in large quantities and we want to verify whether
the entire population of the product being produced is indeed meeting the
customer requirements, we take a sample of units from the population and
verify if the sample units meet the requirements� Then we project the quality
of the entire population from the quality observed in the sample�
If there is no variability in the population—that is, every ...