
134 A First Course in Quality Engineering
Some of the cell frequencies had to be grouped to meet the requirement of
the χ
2
test that the expected frequency in each cell is at least ve� The total of
the last column—7�375, which is the observed value of the χ
2
statistic—is com-
pared with the critical value χ
2
0�05,3
= 9�348� (The df for the χ
2
statistic is three
because there are p = six cells and q = two estimated parameters�) Because the
observed value is not greater than the critical value, H
0
is not rejected, and we
conclude that the population has the hypothesized normal distribution�
2.6.5 The P-Value
If a computer program is used for h