
Quality in Production—Process Control I 257
UCL
CL
LCL
U
U
U
( )
= + =
( )
=
( )
= −
4 373 3
4 373
1 0
10 646
4 373
4 373 3
4 37
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
33
1 0
1 9 0
.
.= −
The negative value for the LCL is rounded off to zero. The observed value u
8
=
11
is outside the upper limit. As another example, the limits for the 20th sample are
UCL
LCL
( )
.
.
.
( ) .
.
.
U
U
= + =
= − = −
4 373 3
4 373
2
8 809
4 373 3
4 373
0 06 0
The observed u
20
= 4.5 is inside the limits.
TABLE 4.6
Data on Salvaged Holes in Castings
Sample
No.
Casting
Type
No. of Standard
Units (n
i
)
No. of
Holes (c
i
)
No. of Holes/Standard
Unit (u
i
c
i
/n
i
)
1 V6 1�5 4 2�7
2 I–4 1�0 6 6�0
3 I–4 1�0 3 3�0
4 I–6 1�4 7 5�0
5 V6 1�5 9 6�0
6