
64 A First Course in Quality Engineering
2.4.4 Other Numerical Measures
Besides the average X and standard deviation S, a few other measures
obtained from sample data are also used to describe the location and disper-
sion of data�
2.4.4.1 Measures of Location
The median, denoted by X
∼
, is the middle value in the data� As stated before,
it is the 50th percentile of the data� For data obtained from normally distrib-
uted populations, the median and the mean will be approximately the same�
The mode, denoted by M, is the value that occurs in the data with the most
frequency� The mode has to be found from a large set of data� The mode has
no mean ...