
Statistics for Quality 109
b. Let σ’ be the new standard deviation. Then, we need to find the value of σ’
such that P(X < 4) = 0.005
i.e. ,
’
.P Z <
−
=
4 5
0 005
σ
⇒
−
= −
( )
⇒ = =
4 5
2 575
1
2 575
0 3883
σ
σ
’
.
’
.
. .
from Normal tables
The standard deviation should be reduced from 0.5 to 0.39; a 23%
reduction in variability is needed.
Example 2�33 is a situation in which changing the center of the process,
or increasing the average life of the batteries, cannot be accomplished by a
mere change of a tool setting or some other simple means� Improving battery
life may require research and invention of a new process or new technology�