
xiv Contents
5.2 Memory Consistency 283
5.2.1 Sequential Consistency 286
5.2.2 Sufficient Conditions for Preserving Sequential Consistency 289
5.3 Design Space for Snooping Protocols 291
5.3.1 A Three-State (MSI) Write-Back Invalidation Protocol 293
5.3.2 A Four-State (MESI) Write-Back Invalidation Protocol 299
5.3.3 A Four-State (Dragon) Write-Back Update Protocol 301
5.4 Assessing Protocol Design Trade-offs 305
5.4.1 Methodology 306
5.4.2 Bandwidth Requirement under the MESI Protocol 307
5.4.3 Impact of Protocol Optimizations 311
5.4.4 Trade-Offs in Cache Block Size 313
5.4.5 Update-Based versus Invalidation-Based Protocols 329
5.5 Synchronizatio ...