
219Chapter twelve: Fundamental statisticsandbasic quality tools
where:
P is the proportion of defective items
is the estimate of long-term process mean
n is the sample size
12.5.5.6.2 np charts. The np chart is a graph that gives us the number of defective
products in a subgroup. The requirement of an np chart is that the sample size of each sub-
group is required to be the same each time a sample is drawn. When subgroup sizes are
equal, either the p or the np chart can be used. They are actually the same chart but some
people nd the np chart relatively easier because it reects the integer numbers rather than
proportions. The p and np cha ...