
APPENDIX
Research Design
and Methods
This study is an extension of research that I conducted earlier on
retraining middle managers in financial services firms. For that
project I interviewed more than 100 midcareer managers about
their careers and organizations. During these interviews I was
struck by the disproportionate attention these managers devoted
to and the vehemence with which they described their earliest ex-
periences as manager. One manager in his early fifties com-
mented that it was as if it (his first year as a manager) had hap-
pened only yesterday.
I became intrigued by the apparent potency of managers’
first experiences on the job and began ...