6 Human– Computer etiquette
given human voices, faces, or forms, people tend to apply the same
gender and race stereotypes to the computer as they would to a per-
son of that gender or race (Nass et al., 1997; Moreno et al., 2002;
Gong, 2008). us, it appears that people have socially-based expec-
tations of how computers should behave, whether they are conscious
of these expectations or not. ese observations reect a long stand-
ing, ambiguous relationship between people and computers, and more
generally between people and technology. People know that comput-
ers are “things” yet they treat them as if they were something more.
e human tendency to treat machines as more than machines is
not isolated to computers (in all their various forms, ...