Human-Computer Etiquette

210 Human–Computer etiquette

of solidarity, or the perception of “like-mindedness” (Argyle 1988;

Richmond and McCroskey 1995). Other nonverbal aspects of

“warmth” include kinesic behaviors such as head tilts, bodily relax-

ation, lack of random movement, open body positions, and postural

mirroring and vocal behaviors such as more variation in pitch, ampli-

tude, duration and tempo, reinforcing interjections such as “uh-huh”

and “mm-hmmm,” greater uency, warmth, pleasantness, expres-

siveness, clarity, and smoother turn-taking (Andersen and Guerrero

1998). Research on the verbal and nonverbal cues associated with

conversational “rapport” has also been investigated (Cassell, Gill, and

Tepper 2007; Tickle-Degnern and Rosenthal 1990).

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