Notes and References
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1. Specifically, in Book 1, Chapter 2, of Aristotle’s Rhetoric, rhetoric is defined as “the faculty
of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.”
2. For an accounting of persuasion studies to support war efforts, see C. I. Hovland, I. L.
Janis, and H. H. Kelley, C ommunication and Persuasion (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 1953). For more on the history of modern persuasion research, see W. J. McGuire,
Attitudes and attitude change, in G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (eds.), The Handbook of
Social Psychology (New York: Random House, 1985), vol. 2, pp. 238–241.
3. M. E. Ford, Motivating Humans: Goals, Emotions, Personal Agency ...