Voice Over IP

SUMMARY

For the next few years, the conventional modem will be the main way to connect at the physical layer to the Internet. The modem is slow, and will eventually be replaced by DSL or HFC alternatives. In the long run, ISDN will not be a major factor if the DSL and HFC technologies are finally brought into the mass marketplace.

Most of the user's sessions with the Internet occur by connecting through the telephone company local exchange carrier (LEC) and the telco central office. This approach is also less than optimal, and a number of LECs are installing front ends at the central office to filter data calls and route them to an appropriate ISP.

The ISPs are connected with each through peering arrangements, usually through a Network Access ...