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meanings to the term. On the one hand, statistics can refer to nu-
merical values assigned to players in sports games—for example,
ERA (earned run average) and RBI (runs batted in) in baseball.
ese statistics or “stats” help the public compare one player with
another to determine who is the better pitcher or batter. e other
meaning of statistics is the branch of mathematics concerned with
collecting and analyzing numerical data, as in probabilities and sta-
tistics. Unless otherwise indicated, statistics in this book refers to
various classes of data assigned to units in a game and are referred
to as a