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O'Reilly Platform
book
LINUX系統程式設計 第二版
by
Robert Love
December 2013
Intermediate to advanced
496 pages
8h 57m
Chinese
GoTop Information, Inc.
Content preview from
LINUX系統程式設計 第二版
318
|
第九章
因為
malloc()
可能會傳回
NULL
,所以開發者務必檢查以及處理錯誤的情況。許多程式會
定義以及使用
malloc()
的包裹常式(
wrapper
),以便在
malloc()
傳回
NULL
時,印出錯
誤訊息以及終止程式。習慣上,開發者會叫用
xmalloc()
包裹常式:
/*
如同
malloc()
,但是在失敗時會終止程式
*/
void * xmalloc (size_t size)
{
void *p;
p = malloc (size);
if (!p) {
perror ("xmalloc");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return p;
}
分配陣列
若所指定的
size
本身是動態的,動態記憶體分配會變得相當複雜。陣列的動態分配就是
這種情況,陣列中每個元素的大小是固定的,但是元素的數目則是動態分配的。為了簡
化此情況,
C
語言提供了
calloc()
函式:
#include <stdlib.h>
void * calloc (size_t nr, size_t size);
執行成功時,
calloc()
會傳回一個指標,指向適合保存一個陣列(共有
nr
個元素,每個
元素具有
size
個位元組)的記憶體區塊。因此,下面的程式碼範例中,前後兩次叫用所
要求的記憶體數量是一樣的(這兩次叫用都不會傳回比所要求的數量還多的記憶體,但
也不會傳回比較少的記憶體):
int *x, *y;
x = malloc (50 * sizeof (int));
if (!x) {
perror ("malloc"); ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9789862769812