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O'Reilly Platform
book
LINUX系統程式設計 第二版
by
Robert Love
December 2013
Intermediate to advanced
496 pages
8h 57m
Chinese
GoTop Information, Inc.
Content preview from
LINUX系統程式設計 第二版
38
|
第二章
非阻擋讀取操作
有時,程式設計者並不想讓「對
read()
的呼叫」在尚無資料可用時受到阻擋。他們寧可
讓呼叫立即返回,指出尚無資料可用。這稱為
非阻擋輸出入
(
nonblocking I/O
);它讓
應用程式得以在不受阻檔的狀況下對多個檔案進行輸出入,但是會因而錯過另一個檔案
中的可用資料。
因此,值得檢查一個額外的
errno
值:
EAGAIN
。正如稍早的討論,如果所指定的「檔
案描述器」是以非阻擋模式開啟的(也就是,叫用
open()
時有指定
O_NONBLOCK
旗標;
見〈
open()
的旗標〉那一節)而且可供讀取的資料尚未出現,則
read()
呼叫會傳回
-1
以及把
errno
設定為
EAGAIN
而不會遭到阻擋。進行非阻擋讀取操作時,你必須檢查
EAGAIN
,或者是你想冒著「嚴重的錯誤」與「只是缺乏資料」相混淆的風險。舉例來
說,你可能會使用如下的程式碼:
char buf[BUFSIZ];
ssize_t nr;
start:
nr = read (fd, buf, BUFSIZ);
if (nr ==
−
1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto start; /*
哦!噓!
*/
if (errno == EAGAIN)
/*
稍後再進行
*/
else
/*
錯誤
*/
}
這個例子處理
EAGAIN
的方法如果像
EINTR
那樣(
goto start
),實際上沒
有多大意義。這樣不如不要使用非阻檔輸出入。非阻檔輸出入在此處的做
法是捕捉
EAGAIN
以及進行其他有用的工作。
其他錯誤值
還有其他錯誤碼用來表示程式設計錯誤或低階的問題(例如 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9789862769812