
price reductions that increased sales and thereby
increased profits.
■ Frederick Winslow Taylor developed revolutionary tool
steels that made past shop practice obsolete, then
replaced craft guild experience with standardized work
practices.
Most modern thought about making uses categories derived
from the work of these men and those who came after them.
Eli Whitney
Whitney never profited as he expected to from his most
memorable invention, the cotton gin; patent disputes and out-
right theft tied it up in litigation for most of his life. He did,
however, achieve a national reputation as a master maker of
machines. In this persona, he boldly offered the ...