LARGER-SCALE WAITING LINE SYSTEMS
This supplement provides an introduction to waiting line system analysis. There are many variations of the mathematical models that are not discussed here, such as finite queue length, finite customer population, and nonexponential arrival and service times. As waiting line systems become more complex, especially as they involve more than one phase, concise mathematical formulas in general do not exist for system performance measures. Therefore, for most larger-scale waiting line systems, discrete-event simulation is often used to analyze these systems. Discrete-event simulation products allow the user to define the system, arrival and service patterns, and other aspects of the system. Then the simulation is run to mimic the behavior of the system in reality, and the results are statistically analyzed to determine system performance. Figure C-7 shows a screen shot from a model completed in the ProcessModel™ simulation software. In this system, calls arrive at a customer service center and are answered by one operator (with a second operator as a backup server). Some calls are resolved quickly, others need further research, and still others don't get answered in a timely fashion and the callers renege (hang up) before being served. Once the system is completely specified, including arrival and service rates, the simulation is run and system performance measures are automatically calculated.
FIGURE C-7 Customer service center simulation layout
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