October 2024
Intermediate
240 pages
6h 57m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり VR・AR・MRのしくみ
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122
EEG、PET、NIRS
脳波を利用したインタフェース
5-19
「脳」 から直感的な操作を実現
コントローラーなどの機器を使わず、脳からの直接信号によってあらゆ
る操作を行える、SF映画のような技術が実現しようとしています。現代
ではすでに、脳の神経細胞が発する電気信号を増幅器で広げて、紙などに
頭の中で考えた事柄を書き記すことが可能です。
EEG（ElectroEncephalo
Graphy）と呼ばれるこの技術は、頭皮に配置した電極を通じて電位差か
ら脳波を測っています（図5-37）。
ブドウ糖の働きから脳の動きを読み取る
脳が活動するためにはブドウ糖が必要です。そのため、脳の神経が働い
た箇所はブドウ糖が集中し、機能が低下するとブドウ糖の消費量も落ち込
みます。
PET（PositronEmission Tomography）技術では、こうしたブド
ウ糖の動きから脳の働きを読み取ることができます（図5-38）。
この技術はてんかんといった脳を原因とする病気の解明に役立てられる
など、高いレベルで脳の働きを読み取ることができるのです。
大脳皮質の働きを確認する
脳の働きを確認する手段には、NIRS（Near-infraredSpectroscopy）も
あります（図5-39）。これは光トポグラフィを使い、弱い近赤外光によっ
て大脳皮質部分の計測を画像として表示します。光トポグラフィとは、近
赤外光を使い、脳活動に伴う血流変化を計測する技術です。頭皮上から照
射された近赤外光は、大脳皮質の血流変化に応じて吸収や散乱が変化する ...
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