October 2024
Intermediate
240 pages
6h 57m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり VR・AR・MRのしくみ
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126
高精細な3次元描画を実現する
技術
グ ラフィック ボ ード
6-1
3D技術の再現に必要となるGPU
3D空間を再現するには、オブジェクトの形状、位置、色、光の反射や
屈折、影の表現など複雑な計算処理が必要です。そこで活躍するのが
GPUです。GPU は 3Dグラフィックスの描画に特化した処理装置として、
大量の並列計算を高速に実行できます。CPUとは異なる独自のアーキテ
クチャを採用し、多数の演算ユニットを搭載しています。
これにより、3Dモデルのジオメトリ変換や光のあたり方の計算、テク
スチャマッピングなどの処理を効率的に行うこともできます。
また、GPUは専用のメモリを搭載しており、3Dモデルの情報を高速に
取り扱うことができるため、大容量の3Dデータをスムーズに処理し、高
品質な映像をリアルタイムに生成できます。
グラフィックボードとGPUによる3D映像処理
GPUは、グラフィックボードと呼ばれる拡張カードに搭載されていま
す。グラフィックボードには、GPUの他にもビデオメモリ（VRAM）や冷
却ファン、各種インタフェースが備わっており、PCのマザーボードと接
続して使われます（図6-1）。
3Dモデルの映像処理は、まず3D モデルのデータが GPU に送られること
から始まります（図6-2）。GPU は 3D モデルのジオメトリを変換し、ポリ
ゴンの頂点の位置を計算します（頂点シェーダー）。次に、ポリゴンの面
を塗りつぶし、テクスチャを貼りつけます（ピクセルシェーダー）。さら
に、ライティングや影の計算、反射や屈折の表現など、さまざまなエフェ ...
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