August 2015
Intermediate to advanced
272 pages
5h 46m
Japanese
Content preview from Think Stats 第2版 ―プログラマのための統計入門
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119
9
章
仮説検定
†
9.1
古典的仮説検定
NSFG
のデータを調べると、第一子とその他の子の差を含めて「観察される効果
（
apparent effect
）」がいくつもあります。これまでは、これらの効果を額面通り受け
取っていました。本章では、それを検定します。
標本に見られた効果が、より大きな母集団でも見られるかどうかという基本的な質
問を取り上げます。例えば、
NSFG
標本では、第一子と第二子以降とで平均妊娠期
間の差が見られます。この差が米国での女性全体に見られる実際の差の反映なのか、
それとも、この標本にたまたま見られるものなのか、どちらなのかを知りたいのです。
この質問を定式化するには、フィッシャーの帰無仮説検定、ネイマン・ピアソンの
決定理論
‡
、ベイズ推定
§
を含めていくつかの方式があります。ここで示すのは、ほと
んどの人が実際に使っている、これら
3
種類のすべてに含まれるもので、古典的仮説
検定（
classical hypothesis testing
）と呼ばれるものです。
古典的仮説検定の目的は、「標本とそこで観察される効果があったときに、その効
果が偶然によるものだという確率はどの程度か」という質問に答えることです。次の
ようにして、この質問に答えます。
•
最初のステップは、検定統計量（
test statistic
）を選んで、観察される効果
†
本章のコードは、
hypothesis.py
にある。コードのダウンロードや扱い方については、
viii
ページの 「コー
ドを使う」を参照してほしい。
‡
訳注： ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.