November 2018
Beginner to intermediate
260 pages
5h 10m
Japanese
book
バイオビルダー ―合成生物学をはじめよう
by Natalie Kuldell, Rachel Bernstein, Karen Ingram, Kathryn M. Hart, 津田 和俊, 片野 晃輔, 西原 由実, 濱田 格雄
Content preview from バイオビルダー ―合成生物学をはじめよう
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205
パーツレベ ルとデ バイスレベ ル のデ ザイン
iGEM
チームの「
VitaYeast
」プロジェクトは、ゴールデン・ライスのプロジェクトに
触発されていて、多くの類似があるのですが、コメと酵母は生物学的に決定的な違いが
あります。そのため
（理由が他にもあるかもしれませんが）
、
VitaYeast
の遺伝子回路は菌類を
源としており、一方ゴールデン・ライスの遺伝子回路は植物由来のものです。最初に
VitaYeast
株を開発した研究者たちは、赤色の酵母の
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
由来の生合成経路を導入しました。この酵母は、自然にカロテノイド化合物を産出し、
β
-
カロテンを生み出すのに利用できる酵素を持っています。対照的に、ゴールデン・
ライスの開発者たちは、イネに天然に存在するゲラニルゲラニル二リン酸をβ
-
カロテ
ンに変換するための植物の遺伝子を
3
つ導入しました。
コメのように、パン酵母の「
S. cerevisiae
」は、β
-
カロテン合成の出発化合物である
ファルネシル二リン酸を自然に作ることができます。しかし、これらの酵母は、
BTS1
遺伝子によってコードされている酵素も発現してしまい、ファルネシル二リン酸をゲ
ラニルゲラニル二リン酸に変換してしまいます。ゲラニルゲラニル二リン酸をβ
-
カ
ロテンに変換するには
crtYB
と
crtI
の
2
つの酵素の作用が必要です。これらは、赤色の
酵母からパン酵母に導入されました。これらの酵素それぞれが
2
つの役割を持ってい
ます。
crtYB
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.