September 2007
Intermediate to advanced
496 pages
10h 53m
English
book
e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning
by Ruth C. Clark, Richard E. Mayer
Content preview from e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning
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Chapter 6. Applying The Redundancy Principle: Explain Visuals With Words In Audio or Text: Not Both
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Redundancy Principle 1: Do Not Add On-Screen Text to Narrated Graphics
Psychological Reasons for the Redundancy Principle
Evidence for Omitting Redundant On-Screen Text
Redundancy Principle 2: Consider Adding On-Screen Text to Narration in Special Situations
Psychological Reasons for Exceptions to the Redundancy Principle
Evidence for Including Redundant On-Screen Text
What We Don't Know About Redundancy
WHAT'S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER
SOME e-LEARNING DESCRIBES graphics using words in both on-screen text and audio narration in which the audio repeats the text. We call this technique redundant on-screen text because the printed text ...
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