7.10. Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Words Added to Expand on Key Ideas
In a more extreme version of this research (Mayer, Bove, Bryman, Mars, & Tapangco, 1996), students read the standard lightning passage like the one described above (that is, with six hundred words and five captioned illustrations) or a summary consisting of five captioned illustrations. The captions described the main steps in the lightning formation, and the corresponding illustrations depicted the main steps. Approximately eighty words—taken from the standard passage—were used in the captioned illustrations. In three separate experiments, students who read the summary performed better on tests of retention and transfer than students who received the whole passage—in ...
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