December 2018
Beginner
826 pages
22h 54m
English
Content preview from Linux Administration Cookbook
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We can use handy tools such as systemd-analyze to see how long our system took to boot:
$ systemd-analyze Startup finished in 253ms (kernel) + 933ms (initrd) + 6.873s (userspace) = 8.060s
8 seconds isn't bad, excluding the time it takes VirtualBox to initialize our VM and the time it takes the kernel to start (5 seconds on the Grub boot menu).
You can even run this command with blame tacked on the end, to see what process is taking your precious seconds from you:
$ systemd-analyze blame 3.811s NetworkManager-wait-online.service 806ms tuned.service 680ms postfix.service 490ms lvm2-monitor.service ...