Bioplastics/biobased plastics are plastic materials produced wholly or in part from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and cornstarch, or from microbes such as yeast. Some bioplastics are biodegradable or even compostable under the right conditions. Common plastics, such as fossil fuel plastics (also called petro-based polymers) are derived from petroleum or natural gas. Bioplastics cover the biobased polymers that are non-biodegradable or biodegradable (Figure 15.1).
The first bioplastic is Parkesine that was displayed at the Great London Exhibition in 1862. With time, more and more bioplastics appeared.
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