July 2024
Intermediate to advanced
280 pages
12h 52m
English
Content preview from The Essential Handbook of Polymer Terms and Attributes
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189 Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process to demineralize or deionize water by pushing it under pressure through a semi-permeable RO membrane. The first asymmetric RO membranes were produced by Loeb and Sourirajan in the early 1960s.
RO can highly purify water through rejection of most dissolved salts and organic molecules that are common contaminants in wastewater (e.g., organics like CECs), as well as larger particulates if not already removed by upstream pretreatment membranes (microfiltration or ultrafiltration).
Due to the sub-nanometer scale of RO pores, RO is considered to be a complete barrier for pathogens. For example, in a pilot study of RO treatment of wastewater, neither ...
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