• Sigmund Freud was one of the first to postulate the existence of an inner world that drives what human beings do—something we hold today as obvious as gravity.
• Carl Jung postulated the power of archetypes operating in the human psyche and emphasized the role of the Shadow, those aspects of who we are that have not yet been integrated. He also legitimated the world of dreams and intuition and suggested that we were much more than rational beings living in a Cartesian/Newtonian world.
• B.F. Skinner took Pavlov’s salivating dogs to the next (human) level, theorizing that we are not making free-will decisions at all, but are ...