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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
180
6
rownames(long) <- c("Moe", "Larry", "Curly")
apply(long, 1, mean)
#> Moe Larry Curly
#> 7 8 9
被调用的函数应该期望一个参数,即一个向量,它将是矩阵的一行。该函数可以返回纯
(scalar) 或向量。在被调用函数返回向量的情况下,apply 将结果组合成一个矩阵。
range 函数返回一个两元素向量,即最小值和最大值,因此将其应用于 long 会产生一
个矩阵:
apply(long, 1, range)
#> Moe Larry Curly
#> [1,] 1 2 3
#> [2,] 13 14 15
你也可以在数据框上使用此方法。如果数据框是同质的
所有元素都是数字或所有元
素都是字符串,它都有效。当数据框具有不同类型的列时,从行中提取向量是不明智
的,因为向量必须是同质的。
6.4 将函数应用于每一列
6.4.1 问题
你有一个矩阵或数据框,需要把一个函数应用到矩阵或数据框的每一列。
6.4.2 解决方案
对于矩阵,使用 apply 函数。将第二个参数设置为 2,它们会把函数应用于数据框的连
续列。因此,如果矩阵或数据框被命名为 mat,并且我们想要将名为 fun 的函数应用于
每一列,它将如下所示:
apply(mat, 2, fun)
对于数据框,使用 purrr 中的 map_df 函数:
df2 <- map_df(df, fun)
6.4.3 讨论
让我们看一个带有实际数据的例子,并将 mean
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814