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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
382
12
信息。但这种新颖性很快就会消失,特别是如果你从 shell 提示符启动 R 并在某一天将
它用作计算器。如果你仅在 RStudio 中使用 R,这不是特别有用。
如果从 shell 提示符启动 R,请使用 --quiet 选项隐藏启动消息:
R --quiet
Linux Mac 机器上,你可以在 shell 中设置别名,这样你就永远不会看到启动消
息了:
alias R="/usr/bin/R --quiet"
12.19 获取和设置环境变量
12.19.1 问题
你需要查看环境变量的值,或者想要更改其值。
12.19.2 解决方案
使用 Sys.getenv 函数查看值。使用 Sys.putenv 进行更改:
Sys.setenv(DB_PASSWORD = "My_Password!")
Sys.getenv("DB_PASSWORD")
#> [1] "My_Password!"
12.19.3 讨论
环境变量通常用于配置和控制软件。每个进程都有自己的一组环境变量,这些变量从其
父进程继承。有时,你需要查看 R 进程的环境变量设置,以了解其行为。同样,你有时
需要更改这些设置以修改该行为。
常见用例是存储用于访问远程数据库或云服务的用户名或密码。在项目脚本中以明文形
式存储密码是一个非常糟糕的主意。避免在脚本中存储密码的一种方法是在 R 启动时设
置包含密码的环境变量。
为确保每次登录时都可以使用你的用户名和密码,你可以在主目录的 .Rprofile 文件中
添加对 Sys.setenv ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814