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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
统计概论
233
形成鲜明对比的是,对于平均值为 100 的检验,
p
值为 0.9
t.test(x, mu = 100)
#>
#> One Sample t-test
#>
#> data: x
#> t = -0.2, df = 70, p-value = 0.9
#> alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 100
#> 95 percent confidence interval:
#> 96.5 103.0
#> sample estimates:
#> mean of x
#> 99.7
较大的
p
值表明样本与总体平均值
μ
100 的假设是一致的。在统计学术语中,数据不
提供证据拒绝均值为 100 的假设。
一个常见的情况是检验平均值为零。如果省略 mu 参数,则默认为
0
9.8.4 另请参阅
t.test 函数是一个很奇妙的函数。有关其他用途,请参见 9.9 节和 9.15 节。
9.9 均值的置信区间
9.9.1 问题
对于一个总体样本,需要确定总体平均值的置信区间。
9.9.2 解决方案
t.test 函数应用于样本 x
t.test(x)
输出结果包括 95%置信水平的置信区间。为了得到其他置信水平的区间,请使用 conf.
level 参数。
9.8 节所述,如果你的样本数量
n
很小,那么总体必须是正态分布的,以便得到一个
有意义的置信区间。同样,判断样本量是否小的一个经验法则是
n
< 30
9.9.3 讨论
t.test 函数应用于向量会产生大量输出。其中会有置信区间: ...
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ISBN: 9787111656814