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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
基础知识
35
R 软件是
动态的输入语言
,即可随意改变变量的数据类型。我们可以先定义 x 为数值
型变量,随后马上对其赋值一个字符串向量,在这一过程中 R 软件能完全理解用户的
意图:
x <- 3
print(x)
#> [1] 3
x <- c("fee", "fie", "foe", "fum")
print(x)
#> [1] "fee" "fie" "foe" "fum"
在某些 R 函数中,你会看到很特别的赋值符号 <<-
x <<- 3
这一操作能强制赋值给一个全局变量,而不是局部变量。但是,这超出了本次讨论的
范围。
为了全面介绍,在此给出另外两种赋值方式:在命令提示符中使用单个等号(=)也可以
对变量进行赋值;在所有可以应用向左赋值符号(<-)的地方都可以应用向右赋值符号
->),它可以对右侧变量进行赋值(参数顺序互换了)。
foo <- 3
print(foo)
#> [1] 3
5 -> fum
print(fum)
#> [1] 5
我们建议你避免这些用法。等号赋值很容易与逻辑运算的检验相等中的等号混淆。向右
赋值在某些情况下可能很有用,但对于那些不习惯看到它的人来说可能会令人困惑。
2.2.4 另请参阅
关于 assign 函数的帮助页面,请参考 2.4 节、2.14 节和 3.3 节。
2.3 列出所有变量
2.3.1 问题
你希望知道目前工作空间中存在哪些已定义的变量和函数。
36
2
2.3.2 解决方案
使用ls 函数,而使用 ls.str 函数可以了解每个变量更详细的信息。你也可以在
RStudio ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814