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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
概率
215
R 允许你为这些函数指定
x
的多个值,并返回一个相应的概率向量。在这里,我们计算
两个累积概率
P
(
X
3)
P
(
X
7),在其中调用 pbinom
pbinom(c(3, 7), size = 10, prob = 0.5)
#> [1] 0.172 0.945
这导致一个用于计算区间概率的准确描述。函数 diff 计算一个向量中连续两个元素的
差。将它应用于 pbinom 的输出以获得累积概率的差异,换句话说,区间概率为:
diff(pbinom(c(3, 7), size = 10, prob = 0.5))
#> [1] 0.773
8.8.4 另请参阅
有关 R 中内置概率分布的更多信息,请参阅本章的开始部分。
8.9 计算连续分布的概率
8.9.1 问题
你需要计算连续随机变量的分布函数(Distribution FunctionDF)或累积分布函数
Cumulative Distribution FunctionCDF)。
8.9.2 解决方案
使用分布函数,计算
P
(
X
x
)。所有 R 的内置概率分布都有一个分布函数,它的名称为
前缀“p ”加在分布的缩写名称前,例如,pnorm 是正态分布的分布函数。
例如,我们可以计算抽奖低于 0.8 的概率,假设来自标准正态分布,如下所示:
pnorm(q = .8, mean = 0, sd = 1)
#> [1] 0.788
8.9.3 讨论
R 中的概率分布函数遵循一个一致模式,因此该方法的解决方案与离散随机变量的解决
方案基本相同(参见 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814