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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
232
9
9.8 检验样本均值(
t
检验)
9.8.1 问题
你从一个总体中得到一个样本。根据给定的这个样本,你想知道总体的平均值是否为一
个特定值
m
9.8.2 解决方案
函数 t.test 应用于样本 x,使用参数 mu =
m
t.test(x, mu =
m
)
输出包括一个
p
值。通常,如果
p
< 0.05,那么总体平均值不太可能是
m
,而如果
p
> 0.05
则不能提供这样的证据。
如果样本量
n
很小,则潜在的总体必须是正态分布的,这样才能从
t
检验中获得有意义
的结果。多大的样本为“小”呢?一个好的经验法则是样本量
n
< 30
9.8.3 讨论
t
检验是统计学的主要方法,下面是它的基本用途:从一个样本推论总体均值。以下示
例模拟来自均值为
μ
= 100 的正态总体的模拟抽样。然后使用
t
检验来验证总体平均值是
否为 95,并且 t.test 报告
p
值为 0.005
x <- rnorm(75, mean = 100, sd = 15)
t.test(x, mu = 95)
#>
#> One Sample t-test
#>
#> data: x
#> t = 3, df = 70, p-value = 0.005
#> alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 95
#> 95 percent confidence interval:
#> 96.5 103.0
#> sample estimates:
#> mean of x
#> 99.7
p
值很小,因此( ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814